This knol is part of the collection- Elkhorn River drainage basin landform origins.
Preface
The following interpretation of detailed topographic map proof is one particular of a series of knols describing related evidence for all major drainage divides contained inside the Missouri River drainage basin and for all key drainage divides with adjacent drainage basins. The study project is interpreting evidence inside the context of a previously unexplored deep glacial erosion paradigm which is fundamentally unique from most normally accepted North American glacial history interpretations. A master list offering hyperlinks to similar interpretations of detailed topographic map evidence of drainage divides investigated to date is identified in the above hyperlink. The master list is updated as added interpretations are completed and published.
IntroductionThe objective of this essay should be to use topographic map interpretation solutions to take a look at Elkhorn River-Platte River drainage divide region landform origins in Stanton Cuming Colfax and Dodge Counties Nebraska USA. Taxi from river valley mall to eugene oregon Map interpretation methods could be employed to unravel lots of geomorphic occasions leading up to formation of present-day drainage routes and development of other landform characteristics. Even though each and every in depth topographic map feature delivers comprehensive evidence to be explained the option has to be consistent with explanations for adjacent area map evidence not to mention options to massive image map proof puzzles. I invite readers to improve upon my options andor to propose alternate remedies that greater clarify evidence and are also consistent with adjacent map region and large picture proof. Readers might do so either by making comments here or by writing and publishing their very own knols around the Google Knol Web site.
This essay can also be exploring a new geomorphology paradigm in which erosional landforms are interpreted as evidence left by immense glacial melt water floods. Implied in that interpretation could be the immense floods were derived from a thick North American ice sheet that produced a deep -hole- in the North American continent and also melted quick. The previously unexplored paradigm becoming tested in this and also other knols within the Missouri River drainage basin landform origins investigation project can be a thick North American ice sheet comparable in thickness towards the Antarctic ice sheet occupied the North American region usually recognized to are glaciated and as a result of its excess weight and erosive actions created a deep North American hole. The southwestern rim of that deep hole is these days preserved inside the substantial Rocky Mountains. The ice sheet as a result of its weight and deep erosion and maybe deposition along big south-oriented melt water flow routes induced significant crustal warping and tectonic alter by way of its action of melting quickly made immense floods that flowed across the continent and by means of its action of melting rapidly systematically opened up space within the ice sheet made hole so headward erosion of newly developed north-oriented drainage systems captured immense south-oriented melt water floods and diverted immense melt water floods north into space the ice sheet had when occupied.
If this previously unexplored paradigm is right the geographic area explored by this knol should include proof of immense floods that had been captured by headward erosion of new valley systems so as to result in the floods to flow inside a various path. Potential of this previously unexplored paradigm to explain Elkhorn River-Platte River drainage divide place landform origins evidence in Stanton Cuming Colfax and Dodge Counties Nebraska will likely be regarded as evidence supporting the -thick ice sheet that melted fast- paradigm. This knol is integrated within the Missouri River drainage basin landform origins analysis project knol collection.
Elkhorn River-Platte River drainage divide location place map
Figure one- Elkhorn River-Platte River drainage divide region location map choose and click on maps to enlarge.
Figure one delivers a location map for the Elkhorn River-Platte River drainage divide place in Stanton Cuming Colfax and Dodge Counties Nebraska. Most of the figure one map area is positioned in eastern Nebraska The northeast corner place is within the state of Iowa along with the southeast tip of South Dakota is situated northwest of Sioux City Iowa. The south-southeast oriented Missouri River forms the Nebraska-Iowa border. The Elkhorn River originates near Bassett positioned close to the figure 1 north edge west of center and flows by Stuart Atkinson ONeill Ewing Neligh Oakdale Tilden Norfolk Stanton Pilger Wisner West Point Scribner Hooper and Arlington prior to joining the Platte River west of Omaha Nebraska. The Platte River flows from North Platte close to the figure 1 west edge to Lexington Kearney Grand Island Columbus and Fremont just before turning to flow south and east to join the south-southeast oriented Missouri River south of Omaha. The Elkhorn River-Platte River drainage divide illustrated and discussed right here is situated east of or downstream from Norfolk and Columbus and northwest and west of or upstream from the Elkhorn River-Platte River confluence place. Figure one will not give enough detail to display most drainage routes in the drainage divide location of concern despite the fact that two south-southeast branches of an east-oriented Elkhorn River tributary region are shown. That Elkhorn River tributary is Maple Creek as well as the two south-southeast oriented branches are the East Fork and West Fork of Maple Creek. Maple Creek is a single of several streams west of your Elkhorn River and north of your Platte River to have prolonged southeast or south-southeast oriented headwaters and which near the Platte River valley turn to flow parallel towards the Platte River valley instead of flow straight for the Platte River valley. These east-oriented streams flowing parallel for the Platte River deliver evidence of an east-riented flood. These various southeast and south-southeast oriented streams offer proof of an immense southeast-oriented flood formed anastomosing channel complex which after flowed across the figure one map location. Headward erosion of your Elkhorn River beheaded south-southeast oriented flood flow to what had been then the actively eroding south-southeast oriented East Fork and West Fork Maple Creek and also to other south-southeast valleys west of the drainage divide region illustrated and discussed in this knol. In other words drainage divide evidence is interpreted to suggest a big south-southeast oriented flowed across the region to join a significant east-oriented flood. Proof to help this interpretation is illustrated and discussed in thefigures under. This knol starts by looking at proof in Platte River valley location.
Elkhorn River-Platte River drainage divide location detailed place map
Figure 2- Elkhorn River-Platte River drainage divide area in depth location map.
Figure 2 delivers a slightly a lot more in depth place map for the Elkhorn River-Platte River drainage divide region in Stanton Cuming Colfax and Dodge Counties. Madison Stanton Cuming Platte Colfax Dodge Washington Polk Butler Saunders and Douglas are Nebraska county names as well as the county boundaries are shown. The Missouri River flows in a south-southeast direction close to the figure two east edge. East in the Missouri River may be the state of Iowa. Nebraska is west of Missouri River. Omaha Nebraska could be the city positioned within the figure 2 southeast corner. The Platte River flows inside a northeast direction from the figure 2 southwest corner to close to Columbus then flows in an east and east-northeast course to near Fremont in southeast Dodge County. At Fremont the Platte River turns to flow in a south-southeast course to the figure two south edge. South of figure 2 the Platte River flows south and then east and joins the Missouri River south of Omaha. The Elkhorn River flows in an east course in northern Madison County to Norfolk after which southeast to Stanton in Stanton County. From Stanton the Elkhorn River flows inside a northeast direction to Pilger and in Cuming County the Elkhorn River turns to flow in a southeast and south path into northeast Dodge County. From northeast Dodge County the Elkhorn River flows inside a southeast and south-southeast course to join the Platte River near the figure two south edge. Handful of Platte River tributaries from the north are shown within the Stanton Cuming Colfax and Dodge County area even though several south-southeast streams appear to become flowing toward the Platte River. The majority of these streams once they get near the Platte River turn to flow east parallel for the Platte River and ultimately join the south-southeast oriented Elkhorn River. Of distinct interest in this knol are the south-southeast oriented Dry Creek and East Fork and West Fork of Maple Creek which join in southeast Colfax County then flow as Maple Creek inside a northeast and east direction across Dodge County to join the Elkhorn River. Also of interest is Pebble Creek which flows parallel towards the Elkhorn River in Cuming County and then joins the Elkhorn River in northern Dodge County. Rawhide Creek originates in southern Colfax County and flows south of Maple Creek and parallel for the Platte River across southern Dodge to join the Elkhorn River in southeast Dodge County. The transform in drainage orientation from south-southeast oriented streams to east-oriented streams in southern Colfax and Dodge Counties is interpreted to be proof of a significant south-southeast oriented flood coming from north and northwest with the figure two map area which flowed to a greater or at the very least extra concentrated east-oriented flood moving across southern Colfax and Dodge Counties.
Platte River-Elkhorn River drainage divide place southeast of Fremont
Figure 3- Platte River-Elkhorn River drainage divide place southeast of Fremont
Figure 3 illustrates the Platte River-Elkhorn River drainage divide area southeast of Fremont. Fremont would be the city situated in the figure three northwest corner. The Platte River flows in a southeast course from just south of Fremont inside the figure 3 northwest corner towards the figure three south center edge location. Arlington is the smaller city located along the figure 3 north center edge. The Elkhorn River flows in a south-southeast course from the figure three north center edge close to Arlington towards the figure three south edge. The south-southeast oriented Platte River and Elkhorn River sooner or later join south with the figure 3 map place. The city positioned east of the Elkhorn River close to the figure three south edge is Elkhorn when Waterloo is located just west of Elkhorn River. Kings Lake could be the neighborhood north of Waterloo and Valley could be the town northwest of Waterloo. Note Rawhide Creek which flows across Fremont and after that flows inside a southeast course to join the Elkhorn River north of Kings Lake. The present day Rawhide Creek channel is just not the authentic channel and sections of the old channel are shown. Figures 4 and 7 beneath illustrate how west of Fremont Rawhide Creek flows parallel for the Platte River along the north edge with the significant east-oriented Platte River valley. Note how the entire Platte River-Elkhorn River drainage divide has been eroded to what seems to be the same level because the Platte River and Elkhorn River valley floors. Also note south on the old Rawhide Creek channel the presence of an unnamed southeast-oriented Elkhorn River tributary named Big Slough on more detailed maps which originates inside the figure three map area. The figure three evidence is interpreted to propose the Platte River-Elkhorn River drainage divide place was eroded by southeast-oriented flood water moving to the south-southeast oriented Elkhorn River valley or channel when a slightly deeper southeast-oriented Platte River channel erode headward additional to the southwest. This proof suggests the Elkhorn River valley was almost certainly eroded initially although shortly thereafter and even though substantial volumes of south-southeast oriented flood water was nonetheless moving within the Elkhorn River valley large volumes of flood water moved east and southeast in the Platte River valley and flood waters from the two distinct valley systems came with each other and flowed roughly parallel to one another although eroding separate but adjacent channels. Proof supporting this interpretation is noticed in figures beneath.
Maple Creek-Platte River drainage divide area northwest of Fremont
Figure 4- Maple Creek-Platte River drainage divide region northwest of Fremont.
Figure 4 illustrates the Maple Creek-Platte River drainage divide area northwest of Fremont and from the figure three map location. Fremont is situated within the figure four southeast corner. North Bend will be the town positioned inside the figure four southwest quadrant. Nickerson may be the modest town located north of Fremont in the figure four east center edge place. The Platte River flows in an east path close to the figure four south edge. The south-southeast oriented Elkhorn River is positioned near the north half in the figure 4 east edge region. Maple Creek could be the east-oriented stream flowing across the figure four north half and joining the Elkhorn River just north of Nickerson. Rawhide Creek may be the east- and northeast oriented stream in the figure 4 west center region and flows southeast to Fremont within the figure four southeast quadrant. Note how Rawhide Creek in the figure 4 center area is flowing along the north edge in the substantial east-oriented Platte River valley even though the Platte River channel is situated along the valleys south edge. Webster could be the tiny town inside the figure 4 northwest corner and Silver Creek may be the stream flowing by Webster. North of figure four Silver Creek flows east-northeast southeast and north to reach the south-southeast oriented Elkhorn River see figure 5 below. The figure four evidence with the exception on the Elkhorn River suggests the presence of various east-oriented channels which could have originated as components of an east-oriented anastomosing channel complex. Aside from the Elkhorn River valley there is no clear figure four evidence suggesting a large south-southeast oriented flood flowed into the area. Rather theres figure 4 proof suggesting large volumes of water the moment moved in an east direction across the figure four map area to reach the south-southeast-oriented Elkhorn River valley. This evidence suggests the Elkhorn River valley either was present initial or was eroded headward to capture the east-oriented flood flow. The supply on the east-oriented flood flow was west of the figure four map area almost certainly somewhere upstream in the Platte River drainage basin which has its headwaters within the Wyoming and Colorado Rocky Mountains. This knol is not going to be capable of ascertain exactly where the east-oriented flood flow came from but does give proof that big volumes of east-oriented flood flow did move into eastern Nebraska.
Pebble Creek Creek-Silver Creek drainage divide area
Figure five- Pebble Creek Creek-Silver Creek drainage divide region.
Figure five illustrates the Pebble Creek-Silver Creek drainage divide north and slightly west with the figure four map area and involves overlap places with figure four. The south-southeast oriented Elkhorn River is located within the figure five northeast corner. Crowell is the smaller town situated in the figure five northeast corner. The south-southeast oriented stream situated along the figure 5 west edge region may be the East Branch of Maple Creek. Bear in mind south of the figure five map area Maple Creek turns to flow east as witnessed in figure four above. Note the place in the small town of Webster on Silver Creek inside the figure 5 southeast quadrant. Silver Creek originates as a southeast-oriented stream and east of Webster turns to flow northeast just before turning to flow southeast for the figure five east edge. East of figure 5 Silver Creek turns to flow in north-northwest course back in to the figure five map location then turns to flow to join southeast-oriented Pebble Creek just east in the figure 5 map place. Pebble Creek flows in southeast and east direction from the figure five north edge east half for the figure 5 east center edge. A southeast- and east-oriented Pebble Creek tributary flows through the towns of Dodge and Snyder in the figure five north half and joins Pebble Creek just east of Snyder. That unnamed Pebble Creek tributary features a considerable southeast- and northeast-oriented tributary that joins it just west of Snyder. South of Silver Creek within the figure 5 south center location is southeast-oriented Crystal Creek which south in the figure 5 map location flows to join east-oriented Maple Creek. Note how northeast-oriented Silver Creek segments and northeast-oriented Pebble Creek tributary segments all have southeast-oriented headwaters andor tributaries. Contrary to the figure 4 map location to the south the figure five map location shows proof the northeast-oriented valleys eroded headward across a number of southeast or south-southeast oriented flood flow channels to capture south-southeast oriented flood flow and to divert flood waters to what ought to have already been the newly eroded and deeper south-southeast-oriented Elkhorn River valley. In other words the figure five map area was eroded by southeast andor south-southeast oriented flood flow which moved across the entire figure 5 map region at first on a topographic surface a minimum of as high because the highest figure 5 elevations today. Headward erosion on the Silver Creek valley then captured the flood waters which had been moving for the east-oriented Maple Creek andor Platte River valleys. Following headward erosion in the Pebble valley method beheaded flood flow for the newly eroded Silver Creek valley. Figure 6 under presents a in depth map of your west end in the drainage divide between the northeast-oriented Pebble Creek tributary plus the Silver Creek valley.
In depth map of Pebble Creek tributary-Silver Creek drainage divide place
Figure six- Comprehensive map of Pebble Creek tributary-Silver Creek drainage divide area.
Figure six supplies a detailed map of your west end of the drainage divide between a southeast- and northeast-oriented Pebble Creek tributary southwest of Snyder and the southeast-oriented Silver Creek segment. Note the north-south Colfax-Dodge County line positioned near the figure 6 west edge. Silver Creek flows inside a southeast direction from the figure six west center region towards the figure six south edge in section 16. The unnamed Pebble Creek tributary flows southeast in section 31 within the figure 6 northwest quadrant then turns in the figure 6 north center location to flow northeast for the figure 6 north edge in section 34. Note how Silver Creek has various southeast-oriented tributaries and how the Pebble Creek tributary has various north-oriented tributary valleys. Also note the presence of shallow north-south through valleys eroded in to the drainage divide in between the Pebble Creek drainage basin and also the Silver Creek drainage basin. For example in the section eight northeast corner can be a by valley linking a north-oriented valley using a south-oriented Silver Creek tributary valley. The by way of valley is only 30-40 feet deep but does deliver proof that at 1 time water did flow south from the present day Pebble Creek drainage basin into what was most likely a newly eroded south-oriented Silver Creek valley. Follow the drainage divide west along the boundary in between section 5 and section eight and youll find two extra slightly shallower by way of valleys providing evidence of multiple south-oriented channels. Continue additional west into sections six and 7 and there are other shallow as a result of valleys linking the two drainage basins. Within the figure six northeast quadrant in section three there is a through valley linking the headwaters of a south-southeast oriented Silver Creek tributary with a north-oriented Pebble Creek tributary valley. Still a further such through valley is positioned on the boundary between sections 9 and ten. These several via valleys give proof that before headward erosion of your Pebble Creek tributary valley there were many south-southeast oriented flood flow channels moving food waters across the figure 6 map region to what was probably then the actively eroding Silver Creek valley method. Headward erosion of your Pebble Creek tributary valley then beheaded the south-southeast oriented flood flow towards the newly eroded Silver Creek valley. Flood waters on the north ends on the beheaded flood flow routes reversed flow direction to erode the north-oriented valleys. Mainly because headward erosion of your valleys beheaded flood flow channels one channel at a time and mainly because flood flow channels have been anastomosing interconnected reversed flood flow in a newly beheaded channel could capture yet to become beheaded flood flow from channels additional to west. The capture of such however to become beheaded flood flow provided the water volumes needed to erode the north-oriented valleys.
Dry Creek-Platte River drainage divide area
Figure 7- Dry Creek-Platte River drainage divide region.
Figure 7 illustrates the Dry Creek-Platte River drainage divide area west of thefigure four map area and south and west of your figure five map location and includes overlap locations with figure five. The north-south oriented Colfax-Dodge County line is situated in the figure 7 east half. The east-northeast oriented Platte River may be observed along the east half on the figure 7 south edge. Schuyler may be the town located around the figure 7 south center edge. Rawhide Creek originates north of Schuyler and flows in an east-northeast path along the north edge of the east-northeast oriented Platte River valley The east-southeast oriented stream flowing along the Platte River valley north edge west of Schuyler is Shell Creek. North of Schuyler Shell Creek turns to flow south-southeast to join the Platte River east of Schuyler. Figure 7 proof suggests that a single time east-oriented flood flow in the Shell Creek channel continued east along the Rawhide Creek alignment. This evidence suggests the Shell Creek-Rawhide Creek channel as well as the Platte River channel were at one time anastomosing channels in an east-oriented anastomosing channel complex. North in the east-northeast oriented Rawhide Creek channel within the figure 7 east half is northeast-oriented Maple Creek. The south-southeast-oriented stream in the figure 7 northeast quadrant could be the East Fork Maple Creek which joins northeast-oriented Maple Creek close to the Colfax County-Dodge County line. The south-southeast oriented stream flowing from the figure 7 north center edge would be the West Fork Maple Creek which turns to flow east and northeast to join the East Fork Maple Creek close to the Colfax County-Dodge County line. The south-southeast and southeast oriented stream flowing from the figure 7 northwest quadrant is Dry Creek which turns to flow east to join the West Fork Maple Creek. The South Fork Dry Creek originates just north of Shell Creek in the figure 7 southwest quadrant and flows northeast and east to join Dry Creek. Note the by valley linking the greater elevation northeast-oriented South Fork Dry Creek valley using the east-southeast oriented Shell Creekchannel. These east-oriented valleys have to viewed as channels in a massive scale east-oriented anastomosing channel complex. The south-southeast oriented valleys north in the east-oriented channels offer evidence of a south-southeast oriented anastomosing channel complicated that was feeding significant volumes of south-southeast oriented flood water into what was quite possibly an even bigger east-oriented flood. Figure eight beneath offers a extra in depth map of South Fork Dry Creek-Shell Creek drainage divide location.
South Fork Dry Creek-Shell Creek drainage divide area
Figure 8- South Fork Dry Creek-Shell Creek drainage divide place.
Figure 8 supplies a more detailed map of the South Fork Dry Creek-Shell Creek drainage divide place seen in less detail in figure 7 above. Shell Creek flows in an east-southeast course near the figure 7 south edge west half. The South Fork Dry Creek originates west of figure eight and flows east into section 13 figure 8 west center location then flows in a northeast course for the figure 8 northeast quadrant and north edge. Note the southeast tributaries flowing to northeast-oriented South Fork Dry Creek from the northwest. Also note north- and northwest-oriented tributaries flowing to South Fork Dry Creek from the southeast. Quite a few of those north- and northwest-oriented South Fork Dry Creek tributary valleys are linked by via valleys using the east-southeast oriented Shell Creek valley to the south. For example a south-oriented Shell Creek tributary inside the northwest of section 19 is linked by a as a result of valley using a northeast-oriented South Fork Dry Creek tributary flowing diagonally across section 18. Comply with the drainage divide east from that by means of valley and there is an more north-south via valley in eastern section 19 and one more by means of valley along the boundary in between sections 20 and 21. The complete South Fork Dry Creek drainage basin is at a increased elevation than the east-southeast oriented Shell Creek valley to the south. In other words the east-oriented Shell Creek valley which can be at the north edge of the broad east-oriented Platte River valley has eroded headward into the area and has beheaded the northeast-oriented South Fork Dry Creek drainage basin. The southeast-oriented South Fork Dry Creek tributary valleys were eroded by southeast andor south-southeast oriented flood water moving into what was at a single time the newly eroded northeast-oriented South Fork Dry Creek valley. Headward erosion in the South Fork Dry Creek beheaded the southeast andor south-southeast oriented flood flow and flood waters on the north ends on the beheaded flood flow routes had reversed flow direction to flow north and northwest in to the newly eroded and what at that time was deeper northeast-oriented South Fork Dry Creek valley. Though the South Fork Dry Creek valley program was staying eroded east-oriented flood from west of figure 8 map eroded the substantially deeper and greater east-oriented Shell Creek and Platte River valley or channel which beheaded east-oriented flood flow for the northeast-oriented South Fork Dry Creek drainage basin.
Elkhorn River-Maple Creek drainage divide location
Figure 9- Elkhorn River-Maple Creek drainage divide region.
Figure 9 illustrates the Elkhorn River-Maple Creek drainage divide region north and slightly west from the figure 7 map region. Stanton may be the town located inside the figure 9 northwest corner. The Elkhorn River is flowing inside a northeast course across the figure 9 northeast corner and north of figure 9 turns to flow southeast across the figure 9 northeast corner. From the figure 9 map region the Elkhorn River turns to flow south-southeast into the figure five map location. The north-northwest oriented Elkhorn River tributary south of Stanton is Butterfly Creek. South of Butterfly Creek are south-southeast oriented headwaters of West Fork Maple Creek. Further east the north-northwest oriented tributary flowing to join the Elkhorn River at the figure 9 north edge is Cedar Creek. Continuing south-southeast on the Cedar Creek is south-southeast oriented East Fork Maple Creek. Note how Butterfly Creek and West Fork Maple Creek have exactly the same north-northwest to south-south-southeast alignment and how north-northwest Cedar Creek and south-southeast oriented East Fork Maple Creek are on the similar alignment. Figure ten under provides a comprehensive map of your Cedar Creek-East Fork Maple Creek drainage divide place and demonstrates the presence of a via valley linking the opposing valleys. Named east- and southeast-oriented streams flowing for the figure 9 east edge from north to south are Rock Creek North Branch Pebble Creek Pebble Creek and South Branch Pebble Creek. As noticed in figure 5 Pebble Creek flows for the Elkhorn River. Figure 9 evidence suggests the Elkhorn River valley and its tributary valleys eroded headward to capture south-southeast oriented flood flow. Headward erosion from the South Branch Pebble Creek valley captured the flood flow to begin with headward erosion of your Pebble Creek valley up coming beheaded flood flow towards the South Branch valley headward erosion on the North Branch valley following beheaded flood flow towards the Pebble Creek valley and headward erosion on the Rock Creek valley beheaded flood flow to the North Branch valley. Headward erosion from the East and West Fork Maple Creek valleys occurred at roughly the identical time with all the East Fork valley eroding headward slightly in advance of your West Fork valley. Headward erosion of the Elkhorn River valley north of the figure 9 map location and after that southwest in to the figure 9 map location next beheaded all flood flow to the newly eroded Rock Creek valley and towards the actively eroding East and West Forks of Maple Creek. Flood waters on north ends on the beheaded flood flow routes reversed flow path to flow to the newly eroded and deeper Elkhorn River valley. The reversed flood flow eroded the north-northwest oriented Cedar and Butterfly Creek valleys and produced the Elkhorn River-Maple Creek drainage divide.
Comprehensive map of Cedar Creek-East Fork Maple Creek drainage divide place
Figure 10- In depth map of Cedar Creek-East Fork Maple Creek drainage divide place.
Figure 10 delivers a comprehensive map of the Cedar Creek-East Fork Maple Creek drainage divide region witnessed in much less detail in figure 9. Cedar Creek originates within the figure 10 west center location and flows east north and northeast to the figure 10 north center edge. From the figure 10 map area Cedar Creek flows in a north-northwest oriented direction along the alignment of the north-northwest oriented tributary joining Cedar Creek with the figure ten north center edge. That tributary originates in the south of section 16. Cedar Creek as observed in figure 9 flows in north-northwest direction to join the northeast-oriented Elkhorn River valley as a barbed tributary. The East Fork Maple Creek originates in the figure 10 southwest quadrant and flows southeast into section 30 and then northeast into sections 20 and 21. In section 21 the East Fork Maple Creek turns to flow southeast after which south-southeast towards the figure 10 south edge. East Fork Maple Creek as witnessed in figures 5 and 7 continues to flow inside a south-southeast direction until it nearly reaches the Platte River valley. Near the Platte River valley it joins Dry Creek and West Fork Maple Creek to flow in an east path roughly parallel to the deeper Platte River valley to join the south-southeast oriented Elkhorn River north of Fremont see figure 4. The north-northwest oriented Cedar Creek valley north on the figure 10 map location and south-southeast oriented East Fork Maple Creek south on the figure 10 map area are on the exact same alignment. Note at the south end of section 16 and north end of section 21 how the north-northwest Cedar Creek tributary valley is linked by a shallow as a result of valley having a southeast-oriented East Fork Maple Creek tributary valley. Carry on west along the Cedar Creek-East Fork Maple Creek drainage divide and you will discover further shallow by valleys linking the two opposing drainage basins. The by valleys are proof of several south-southeast oriented flood flow channels that after moved flood water from what exactly is currently the north-oriented Cedar Creek drainage basin to what was at that time was the actively eroding East Fork Maple Creek valley. Headward erosion on the deep Elkhorn River valley then beheaded the south-southeast oriented flood flow channels. Flood waters around the north ends of your beheaded flood flow routes reversed flow direction to erode the north-northwest oriented Cedar Creek valley and create the Cedar Creek-East Fork Maple Creek drainage divide.
Extra info and sources of maps studiedThis knol has provided only a sample of the comprehensive topographic map proof supporting the flood erosion interpretation. Many more illustrations can be provided. Readers are encouraged to take a look at mosaics of in depth topographic maps to determine the abundance of obtainable information. Maps utilized in this study had been developed and published by the United states Geologic Survey and can be obtained straight from the Usa Geological Survey andor from dealers offering United states Geological Survey maps. Difficult copy maps can also be observed at United states Geological Survey map depositories which are located throughout the United states and elsewhere. Illustrations employed here had been made utilizing National Geographic Society TOPO computer software and digital map information. TOPO software program and map information can be obtained from the National Geographic Society andor dealers offering National Geographic Society digital map data. Taxi from river valley mall to eugene oregon Going for a doing water activities trip is a great idea for a vacation even when you function it alone with the family or when using your closest friends. The feeling is very memorable more than anything else when you choose a great place to go for the activity. The following are the actual places in Ga which are known for this outdoor activity.
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